“It's absurd that the tax code subsidizes the top 1% buying their way into school,” Wyden said in a statement. “Colleges and universities would be able to preserve the tax deductibility of all donations if they simply bar their consideration in admissions decisions. It's 'one and done'—implement a policy and you're in compliance.”

Wealthy families have historically had an advantage in the college admissions process, especially for nonprofit private institutions due to family donations, legacy applications and other factors, but the subject didn't attract broad attention until the recent college admissions scandal in the U.S.

More than 30 parents were charged with paying a consultant to bribe coaches or other college officials or to facilitate cheating on admissions tests in order to get their children admitted to a number of prestigious universities including Stanford, Georgetown, UCLA and USC. Those payments were illegal, unlike family donations to colleges.

Mark Kantrowitz, publisher and vice president of research at Savingforcollege.com, says  Wyden's bill “makes sense” because “if a donor receives a benefit from making a donation, the donation should not be tax deductible,” but he didn't think the legislation would eliminate the advantages that many wealthy families have.

Parents could still make donations to a school even though they would lose some or most of the tax deduction, and colleges could still solicit their donations and admit the students, noting that the donors have the responsibility to properly claim income tax benefits, says Kantrowitz.

Also, so-called “developmental admits” — students who are admitted because of the ability of the student's parents to donate a building or endow a faculty chair — would not be eliminated because colleges could still expect that a student's family will eventually make a donation, says Kantrowitz.

Bob Shireman, director of higher education excellence and senior fellow at The Century Foundation, said colleges will argue that “a large donation can finance several low-income students' tuition, so selling a seat to a rich person can have an upside. In that case, there should be some minimum expectation for the socioeconomic diversity of the college.”

But even that argument “prompts the right discussion,” Shireman says.